The Historical Presidential Palace is one of the most important memorials of Republic of Lithuania in 1918-1940. The building was at the centre of major political events of the time. It housed the President's meeting with the Cabinet, as well as numerous meetings with the representatives of foreign countries, military, clergy and various organizations. It was a fundamental landmark of Foreign Policy; emissaries of foreign states here offered their credentials to the Coup d'Etat of 1926, a crisis of parlamentarism and turn towards authoritarian regime. In the face of imminent Soviet occupation, the Last Meeting of the government of the independent Lithuania took place here on the night from June 14 to 15 of 1940.

Today the Historical Presidential Palace of the Republic of Lithuania in Kaunas functions as a memorial-educational institution of Lithuanian modern statehood. The permanent exposition at the Palace reflects the history of the First Republic of Lithuania (1918-1940). Periodic temporary exhibitions commemorate outstanding historical figures and events.